Bridging Gaps in Water Governance: Addressing Conflict and Climate Challenges

Résumé

This policy brief explores how national water diplomacy often fails to resolve critical local-level water disputes, particularly in regions affected by conflict and climate stress. Despite warnings of future "water wars," violent conflict over water remains rare; however, governance gaps between global frameworks and local needs can exacerbate social inequalities and environmental degradation. Drawing on examples from South Sudan, Syria, Burkina Faso, and India, the brief emphasizes the need for multi-level water governance that incorporates grassroots action, conflict-sensitive strategies, and climate adaptation. It advocates for inclusive, evidence-based approaches to water cooperation that can promote resilience and stability in vulnerable regions.

Brief Points

• National and transboundary water treaties often overlook unresolved local-level water disputes.
• Climate change and armed conflict jointly increase the risk of water scarcity in already fragile regions.
• Environmental stress can intensify intergroup tensions, especially where institutions are weak.
• Empowering local actors is key to connecting global water governance with lived realities.
• Cooperative grassroots solutions — like community irrigation or rotational sharing — show promise but need formal recognition and support.
• Integrating conflict sensitivity, inclusive participation, and adaptive technologies can help bridge governance gaps and prevent future conflict.